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Picture Rock Pass Petroglyphs Site
The Picture Rock Pass Petroglyphs Site is in northern Lake County, Oregon, United States. The site is located near the summit of Picture Rock Pass on land administered by the Bureau of Land Management. The designs were scraped into a basalt boulder by ancient Native Americans, probably between 7,500 and 12,000 years ago. No one knows the meaning of the petroglyph designs. Because of its unique archaeological and cultural significance, the Picture Rock Pass Petroglyph Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.
== Prehistoric environment ==
Following the retreating glaciers of the last glaciation period of the Ice Age, melt water accumulated in the closed basins of what now is south central Oregon. As a result, pluvial lakes covered much of the high desert. This included the Summer Lake basin south of Picture Rock Pass and the Silver Lake basin north of the pass. The marshes and meadows that surrounded these lakes were ideal habitat for wildlife including bison, deer, antelope, mountain sheep, and many varieties of waterfowl. The abundant wildlife drew prehistoric hunters to the area.〔Brogan, Phil F., ''East of the Cascades'' (Third Edition), Binford and Mort, Portland, Oregon, 1965, pp. 21–23.〕〔Cressman, Luther S., ''The Sandal and the Cave'', Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Beaver Books, Portland, Oregon, 1964, pp. 40–41.〕
No one knows when the first people arrived in south central Oregon. However, there is evidence that Native Americans have lived in this area for over 12,000 years. Little is known about the people who occupied the land at that time, except that they camped and hunted near the ancient lakes around Picture Rock Pass. This was confirmed by Clovis Period artifacts found at Fort Rock Cave and Paisley Caves. These archeological sites are both close to the pass.〔〔Cressman, Luther S., ''The Sandal and the Cave'', Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Beaver Books, Portland, Oregon, 1964, pp. 21–22.〕 Fort Rock Cave is located north of the pass while the Paisley Caves are south of the pass, overlooking Summer Lake.〔(Oregon topographic map ), United States Geological Survey, United States Department of Interior, Reston, Virginia; displayed via ACME mapper, ''www.acme.com'', 29 October 2013.〕 In addition to leaving artifacts in caves, the area's early inhabitants created rock carvings at sites throughout south central Oregon including Picture Rock Pass.〔〔( "Cultural Resources" ) (PDF), ''Summary of the Analysis of the Management Situation for the Lakeview Resource Area – Resource Management Plan'', Lakeview Field Office, Lakeview District, Bureau of Land Management, United State Department of Interior, Lakeview, Oregon, July 2000, pp. 2.28–2.29.〕〔"Picture Rock Pass Petroglyph Site", National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 28 August 1975.〕
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